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BloodHound Cheat Sheet - 02

Table of Content

Table of Content
Console Queries
Find what groups can RDP
Find what groups can reset passwords
Find what groups have local admin rights
Find what users have local admin rights
List the groups of all owned users
List the unique groups of all owned users
All active DA sessions
Find all active sessions a member of a group has
Can an object from domain ‘A’ do anything to an object in domain ‘B’
Find all connections to a different domain/forest
Find All Users with an SPN/Find all Kerberoastable Users with passwords last set > 5 years ago (In Console)
Kerberoastable Users with most privileges
Find users that logged in within the last 90 days. Change 90 to whatever threshold you want. (In Console)

Console Queries

Find what groups can RDP

MATCH p=(m:Group)-[r:CanRDP]->(n:Computer) RETURN m.name, n.name ORDER BY m.name

Find what groups can reset passwords

MATCH p=(m:Group)-[r:ForceChangePassword]->(n:User) RETURN m.name, n.name ORDER BY m.name

Find what groups have local admin rights

MATCH p=(m:Group)-[r:AdminTo]->(n:Computer) RETURN m.name, n.name ORDER BY m.name

Find what users have local admin rights

MATCH p=(m:User)-[r:AdminTo]->(n:Computer) RETURN m.name, n.name ORDER BY m.name

List the groups of all owned users

MATCH (m:User) WHERE m.owned=TRUE WITH m MATCH p=(m)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(n:Group) RETURN m.name, n.name ORDER BY m.name

List the unique groups of all owned users

MATCH (m:User) WHERE m.owned=TRUE WITH m MATCH (m)-[r:MemberOf*1..]->(n:Group) RETURN DISTINCT(n.name)

All active DA sessions

MATCH (n:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group) WHERE g.objectid ENDS WITH '-512' MATCH p = (c:Computer)-[:HasSession]->(n) return p

Find all active sessions a member of a group has

MATCH (n:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group {name:'DOMAIN ADMINS@TESTLAB.LOCAL'}) MATCH p = (c:Computer)-[:HasSession]->(n) return p

Can an object from domain ‘A’ do anything to an object in domain ‘B’

MATCH (n {domain:"TEST.LOCAL"})-[r]->(m {domain:"LAB.LOCAL"}) RETURN LABELS(n)[0],n.name,TYPE(r),LABELS(m)[0],m.name

Find all connections to a different domain/forest

MATCH (n)-[r]->(m) WHERE NOT n.domain = m.domain RETURN LABELS(n)[0],n.name,TYPE(r),LABELS(m)[0],m.name

Find All Users with an SPN/Find all Kerberoastable Users with passwords last set > 5 years ago (In Console)

MATCH (u:User) WHERE n.hasspn=true AND WHERE u.pwdlastset < (datetime().epochseconds - (1825 * 86400)) and NOT u.pwdlastset IN [-1.0, 0.0] RETURN u.name, u.pwdlastset order by u.pwdlastset

Kerberoastable Users with most privileges

MATCH (u:User {hasspn:true}) OPTIONAL MATCH (u)-[:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (u)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) WITH u,COLLECT(c1) + COLLECT(c2) AS tempVar UNWIND tempVar AS comps RETURN u.name,COUNT(DISTINCT(comps)) ORDER BY COUNT(DISTINCT(comps)) DESC

Find users that logged in within the last 90 days. Change 90 to whatever threshold you want. (In Console)

MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.lastlogon < (datetime().epochseconds - (90 * 86400)) and NOT u.lastlogon IN [-1.0, 0.0] RETURN u.name, u.lastlogon order by u.lastlogon

Find users with passwords last set within the last 90 days. Change 90 to whatever threshold you want. (In Console)

MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.pwdlastset < (datetime().epochseconds - (90 * 86400)) and NOT u.pwdlastset IN [-1.0, 0.0] RETURN u.name, u.pwdlastset order by u.pwdlastset

List users and their login times + pwd last set times in human readable format

MATCH (n:User) WHERE n.enabled = TRUE RETURN n.name, datetime({epochSeconds: toInteger(n.pwdlastset) }), datetime({epochSeconds: toInteger(n.lastlogon) }) order by n.pwdlastset

Find constrained delegation (In Console)

MATCH (u:User)-[:AllowedToDelegate]->(c:Computer) RETURN u.name,COUNT(c) ORDER BY COUNT(c) DESC

View OUs based on member count. (In Console)

MATCH (o:OU)-[:Contains]->(c:Computer) RETURN o.name,o.guid,COUNT(c) ORDER BY COUNT(c) DESC

Return each OU that has a Windows Server in it (In Console)

MATCH (o:OU)-[:Contains]->(c:Computer) WHERE toUpper(c.operatingsystem) STARTS WITH "WINDOWS SERVER" RETURN o.name

Find computers that allow unconstrained delegation that AREN’T domain controllers. (In Console)

MATCH (c1:Computer)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group) WHERE g.objectsid ENDS WITH '-516' WITH COLLECT(c1.name) AS domainControllers MATCH (c2:Computer {unconstraineddelegation:true}) WHERE NOT c2.name IN domainControllers RETURN c2.name,c2.operatingsystem ORDER BY c2.name ASC

Find the number of principals with control of a “high value” asset where the principal itself does not belong to a “high value” group

MATCH (n {highvalue:true}) OPTIONAL MATCH (m1)-[{isacl:true}]->(n) WHERE NOT (m1)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group {highvalue:true}) OPTIONAL MATCH (m2)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[{isacl:true}]->(n) WHERE NOT (m2)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group {highvalue:true}) WITH n,COLLECT(m1) + COLLECT(m2) AS tempVar UNWIND tempVar AS controllers RETURN n.name,COUNT(DISTINCT(controllers)) ORDER BY COUNT(DISTINCT(controllers)) DESC

Enumerate all properties (In Console)

Match (n:Computer) return properties(n)

Match users that are not AdminCount 1, have generic all, and no local admin

MATCH (u:User)-[:GenericAll]->(c:Computer) WHERE  NOT u.admincount AND NOT (u)-[:AdminTo]->(c) RETURN u.name, c.name

What permissions do Everyone/Authenticated users/Domain users/Domain computers have

Find computers with descriptions and display them (along with the description, sometimes admins save sensitive data on domain objects descriptions like passwords):

MATCH (c:Computer) WHERE c.description IS NOT NULL RETURN c.name,c.description

Return the name of every computer in the database where at least one SPN for the computer contains the string “MSSQL”:

MATCH (c:Computer) WHERE ANY (x IN c.serviceprincipalnames WHERE toUpper(x) CONTAINS 'MSSQL') RETURN c.name,c.serviceprincipalnames ORDER BY c.name ASC

Find any computer that is NOT a domain controller and it is trusted to perform unconstrained delegation:

MATCH (c1:Computer)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group) WHERE g.objectid ENDS WITH '-516' WITH COLLECT(c1.name) AS domainControllers MATCH (c2:Computer {unconstraineddelegation:true}) WHERE NOT c2.name IN domainControllers RETURN c2.name,c2.operatingsystem ORDER BY c2.name ASC

Find every computer account that has local admin rights on other computers. Return in descending order of the number of computers the computer account has local admin rights to:

MATCH (c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (c1)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (c1)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c3:Computer) WITH COLLECT(c2) + COLLECT(c3) AS tempVar,c1 UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN c1.name AS COMPUTER,COUNT(DISTINCT(computers)) AS ADMIN_TO_COMPUTERS ORDER BY COUNT(DISTINCT(computers)) DESC

Alternatively, find every computer that has local admin rights on other computers and display these computers:

MATCH (c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (c1)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (c1)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c3:Computer) WITH COLLECT(c2) + COLLECT(c3) AS tempVar,c1 UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN c1.name AS COMPUTER,COLLECT(DISTINCT(computers.name)) AS ADMIN_TO_COMPUTERS ORDER BY c1.name

Get the names of the computers without admins, sorted by alphabetic order:

MATCH (n)-[r:AdminTo]->(c:Computer) WITH COLLECT(c.name) as compsWithAdmins MATCH (c2:Computer) WHERE NOT c2.name in compsWithAdmins RETURN c2.name ORDER BY c2.name ASC

Show computers (excluding Domain Controllers) where Domain Admins are logged in:

MATCH (n:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group {name:'DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.GR'}) WITH n as privusers

Find the percentage of computers with path to Domain Admins:

MATCH (totalComputers:Computer {domain:'DOMAIN.GR'}) MATCH p=shortestPath((ComputersWithPath:Computer {domain:'DOMAIN.GR'})-[r*1..]->(g:Group {name:'DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.GR'})) WITH COUNT(DISTINCT(totalComputers)) as totalComputers, COUNT(DISTINCT(ComputersWithPath)) as ComputersWithPath RETURN 100.0 * ComputersWithPath / totalComputers AS percentComputersToDA

Find on each computer who can RDP (searching only enabled users):

MATCH (c:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (u:User)-[:CanRDP]->(c) WHERE u.enabled=true OPTIONAL MATCH (u1:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:CanRDP]->(c) where u1.enabled=true WITH COLLECT(u) + COLLECT(u1) as tempVar,c UNWIND tempVar as users RETURN c.name AS COMPUTER,COLLECT(DISTINCT(users.name)) as USERS ORDER BY USERS desc

Find on each computer the number of users with admin rights (local admins) and display the users with admin rights:

MATCH (c:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (u1:User)-[:AdminTo]->(c) OPTIONAL MATCH (u2:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c) WITH COLLECT(u1) + COLLECT(u2) AS TempVar,c UNWIND TempVar AS Admins RETURN c.name AS COMPUTER, COUNT(DISTINCT(Admins)) AS ADMIN_COUNT,COLLECT(DISTINCT(Admins.name)) AS USERS ORDER BY ADMIN_COUNT DESC

Active Directory group with default privileged rights on domain users and groups, plus the ability to logon to Domain Controllers

MATCH (u:User)-[r1:MemberOf*1..]->(g1:Group {name:'ACCOUNT OPERATORS@DOMAIN.GR'}) RETURN u.name

Find which domain Groups are Admins to what computers:

MATCH (g:Group) OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) WITH g, COLLECT(c1) + COLLECT(c2) AS tempVar UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN g.name AS GROUP, COLLECT(computers.name) AS AdminRights

Find which domain Groups (excluding the Domain Admins and Enterprise Admins) are Admins to what computers:

MATCH (g:Group) WHERE NOT (g.name =~ '(?i)domain admins@.*' OR g.name =~ "(?i)enterprise admins@.*") OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) WITH g, COLLECT(c1) + COLLECT(c2) AS tempVar UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN g.name AS GROUP, COLLECT(computers.name) AS AdminRights

Find which domain Groups (excluding the high privileged groups marked with AdminCount=true) are Admins to what computers:

MATCH (g:Group) WHERE g.admincount=false OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) WITH g, COLLECT(c1) + COLLECT(c2) AS tempVar UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN g.name AS GROUP, COLLECT(computers.name) AS AdminRights

Find the most privileged groups on the domain (groups that are Admins to Computers. Nested groups will be calculated):

MATCH (g:Group) OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) WITH g, COLLECT(c1) + COLLECT(c2) AS tempVar UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN g.name AS GroupName,COUNT(DISTINCT(computers)) AS AdminRightCount ORDER BY AdminRightCount DESC

Find the number of computers that do not have local Admins:

MATCH (n)-[r:AdminTo]->(c:Computer) WITH COLLECT(c.name) as compsWithAdmins MATCH (c2:Computer) WHERE NOT c2.name in compsWithAdmins RETURN COUNT(c2)

Find groups with most local admins (either explicit admins or derivative/unrolled):

MATCH (g:Group) WITH g OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[r:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) WITH g,COUNT(c1) as explicitAdmins OPTIONAL MATCH (g)-[r:MemberOf*1..]->(a:Group)-[r2:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) WITH g,explicitAdmins,COUNT(DISTINCT(c2)) as unrolledAdmins RETURN g.name,explicitAdmins,unrolledAdmins, explicitAdmins + unrolledAdmins as totalAdmins ORDER BY totalAdmins DESC

Find percentage of non-privileged groups (based on admincount:false) to Domain Admins group:

MATCH (totalGroups:Group {admincount:false}) MATCH p=shortestPath((GroupsWithPath:Group {admincount:false})-[r*1..]->(g:Group {name:'DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.GR'})) WITH COUNT(DISTINCT(totalGroups)) as totalGroups, COUNT(DISTINCT(GroupsWithPath)) as GroupsWithPath RETURN 100.0 * GroupsWithPath / totalGroups AS percentGroupsToDA

Find every user object where the “userpassword” attribute is populated (wald0):

MATCH (u:User) WHERE NOT u.userpassword IS null RETURN u.name,u.userpassword

Find every user that doesn’t require kerberos pre-authentication (wald0):

MATCH (u:User {dontreqpreauth: true}) RETURN u.name

Find all users trusted to perform constrained delegation. The result is ordered by the amount of computers:

MATCH (u:User)-[:AllowedToDelegate]->(c:Computer) RETURN u.name,COUNT(c) ORDER BY COUNT(c) DESC

Find the active sessions that a specific domain user has on all domain computers:

MATCH p1=shortestPath(((u1:User {name:'USER@DOMAIN.GR'})-[r1:MemberOf*1..]->(g1:Group))) MATCH (c:Computer)-[r:HasSession*1..]->(u1) RETURN DISTINCT(u1.name) as users, c.name as computers ORDER BY computers

Count the number of the computers where each domain user has direct Admin privileges to:

MATCH (u:User)-[:AdminTo]->(c:Computer) RETURN count(DISTINCT(c.name)) AS COMPUTER, u.name AS USER ORDER BY count(DISTINCT(c.name)) DESC

Count the number of the computers where each domain user has derivative Admin privileges to:

MATCH (u:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c:Computer) RETURN count(DISTINCT(c.name)) AS COMPUTER, u.name AS USER ORDER BY u.name

Display the computer names where each domain user has derivative Admin privileges to:

MATCH (u:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c:Computer) RETURN DISTINCT(c.name) AS COMPUTER, u.name AS USER ORDER BY u.name

Find Kerberoastable users who are members of high value groups:

MATCH (u:User)-[r:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group) WHERE g.highvalue=true AND u.hasspn=true RETURN u.name AS USER

Find Kerberoastable users and where they are AdminTo:

OPTIONAL MATCH (u1:User) WHERE u1.hasspn=true OPTIONAL MATCH (u1)-[r:AdminTo]->(c:Computer) RETURN u1.name AS user_with_spn,c.name AS local_admin_to

Find the percentage of users with a path to Domain Admins:

MATCH (totalUsers:User {domain:'DOMAIN.GR'}) MATCH p=shortestPath((UsersWithPath:User {domain:'DOMAIN.GR'})-[r*1..]->(g:Group {name:'DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.GR'})) WITH COUNT(DISTINCT(totalUsers)) as totalUsers, COUNT(DISTINCT(UsersWithPath)) as UsersWithPath RETURN 100.0 * UsersWithPath / totalUsers AS percentUsersToDA

Find the percentage of enabled users that have a path to high value groups:

MATCH (u:User {domain:'DOMAIN.GR',enabled:True}) MATCH (g:Group {domain:'DOMAIN.GR'}) WHERE g.highvalue = True WITH g, COUNT(u) as userCount MATCH p = shortestPath((u:User {domain:'DOMAIN.GR',enabled:True})-[*1..]->(g)) RETURN 100.0 * COUNT(distinct u) / userCount

List of unique users with a path to a Group tagged as “highvalue”:

MATCH (u:User) MATCH (g:Group {highvalue:true}) MATCH p = shortestPath((u:User)-[r:AddMember|AdminTo|AllExtendedRights|AllowedToDelegate|CanRDP|Contains|ExecuteDCOM|ForceChangePassword|GenericAll|GenericWrite|GpLink|HasSession|MemberOf|Owns|ReadLAPSPassword|TrustedBy|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|GetChanges|GetChangesAll*1..]->(g)) RETURN DISTINCT(u.name) AS USER, u.enabled as ENABLED,count(p) as PATHS order by u.name

Find users who are NOT marked as “Sensitive and Cannot Be Delegated” and have Administrative access to a computer, and where those users have sessions on servers with Unconstrained Delegation enabled (by NotMedic):

MATCH (u:User {sensitive:false})-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c1:Computer) WITH u,c1 MATCH (c2:Computer {unconstraineddelegation:true})-[:HasSession]->(u) RETURN u.name AS user,COLLECT(DISTINCT(c1.name)) AS AdminTo,COLLECT(DISTINCT(c2.name)) AS TicketLocation ORDER BY user ASC

Find users with constrained delegation permissions and the corresponding targets where they allowed to delegate:

MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.allowedtodelegate IS NOT NULL RETURN u.name,u.allowedtodelegate

Alternatively, search for users with constrained delegation permissions,the corresponding targets where they are allowed to delegate, the privileged users that can be impersonated (based on sensitive:false and admincount:true) and find where these users (with constrained deleg privs) have active sessions (user hunting) as well as count the shortest paths to them:

Find computers with constrained delegation permissions and the corresponding targets where they allowed to delegate:

MATCH (c:Computer) WHERE c.allowedtodelegate IS NOT NULL RETURN c.name,c.allowedtodelegate

Alternatively, search for computers with constrained delegation permissions, the corresponding targets where they are allowed to delegate, the privileged users that can be impersonated (based on sensitive:false and admincount:true) and find who is LocalAdmin on these computers as well as count the shortest paths to them:

Find if any domain user has interesting permissions against a GPO:

MATCH p=(u:User)-[r:AllExtendedRights|GenericAll|GenericWrite|Owns|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|GpLink*1..]->(g:GPO) RETURN p LIMIT 25

Show me all the sessions from the users in the OU with the following GUID

MATCH p=(o:OU {guid:'045939B4-3FA8-4735-YU15-7D61CFOU6500'})-[r:Contains*1..]->(u:User) MATCH (c:Computer)-[rel:HasSession]->(u) return u.name,c.name

Creating a property on the users that have an actual path to anything high_value(heavy query. takes hours on a large dataset)

MATCH (u:User) MATCH (g:Group {highvalue: true}) MATCH p = shortestPath((u:User)-[r:AddMember|AdminTo|AllExtendedRights|AllowedToDelegate|CanRDP|Contains|ExecuteDCOM|ForceChangePassword|GenericAll|GenericWrite|GetChangesAll|GpLink|HasSession|MemberOf|Owns|ReadLAPSPassword|SQLAdmin|TrustedBy|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|AddAllowedToAct|AllowedToAct*1..]->(g)) SET u.has_path_to_da =true

What “user with a path to any high_value group” has most sessions?

MATCH (c:Computer)-[rel:HasSession]->(u:User {has_path_to_da: true}) WITH COLLECT(c) as tempVar,u UNWIND tempVar as sessions WITH u,COUNT(DISTINCT(sessions)) as sessionCount RETURN u.name,u.displayname,sessionCount ORDER BY sessionCount desc

Creating a property for Tier 1 Users with regex:

MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.name =~ 'internal_naming_convention[0-9]{2,5}@EXAMPLE.LOCAL' SET u.tier_1_user = true

Creating a property for Tier 1 Computers via group-membership:

MATCH (c:Computer)-[r:MemberOf*1..]-(g:Group {name:'ALL_SERVERS@EXAMPLE.LOCAL'}) SET c.tier_1_computer = true

Creating a property for Tier 2 Users via group name and an exclusion:

MATCH (u:User)-[r:MemberOf*1..]-(g:Group)WHERE g.name CONTAINS  'ALL EMPLOYEES' AND NOT u.name contains 'TEST' SET u.tier_2_user = true

Creating a property for Tier 2 Computers via nested groups name:

MATCH (c:Computer)-[r:MemberOf*1..]-(g:Group) WHERE g.name STARTS WITH 'CLIENT_' SET c.tier_2_computer = true

List Tier2 access to Tier 1 Computers

MATCH (u)-[rel:AddMember|AdminTo|AllowedToDelegate|CanRDP|ExecuteDCOM|ForceChangePassword|GenericAll|GenericWrite|GetChangesAll|HasSession|Owns|ReadLAPSPassword|SQLAdmin|TrustedBy|WriteDACL|WriteOwner|AddAllowedToAct|AllowedToAct|MemberOf|AllExtendedRights]->(c:Computer) WHERE u.tier_2_user = true AND c.tier_1_computer = true RETURN u.name,TYPE(rel),c.name,labels(c)

List Tier 1 Sessions on Tier 2 Computers

MATCH (c:Computer)-[rel:HasSession]->(u:User) WHERE u.tier_1_user = true AND c.tier_2_computer = true RETURN u.name,u.displayname,TYPE(rel),c.name,labels(c),c.enabled

List all users with local admin and count how many instances

OPTIONAL MATCH (c1)-[:AdminTo]->(c2:Computer) OPTIONAL MATCH (c1)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(:Group)-[:AdminTo]->(c3:Computer) WITH COLLECT(c2) + COLLECT(c3) AS tempVar,c1 UNWIND tempVar AS computers RETURN c1.name,COUNT(DISTINCT(computers)) ORDER BY COUNT(DISTINCT(computers)) DESC

Find all users a part of the VPN group

Match (u:User)-[:MemberOf]->(g:Group) WHERE g.name CONTAINS "VPN" return u.name,g.name

Find users that have never logged on and account is still active

MATCH (n:User) WHERE n.lastlogontimestamp=-1.0 AND n.enabled=TRUE RETURN n.name ORDER BY n.name

Adjust Query to Local Timezone (Change timezone parameter)

MATCH (u:User) WHERE NOT u.lastlogon IN [-1.0, 0.0] return u.name, datetime({epochSeconds:toInteger(u.lastlogon), timezone: '+10:00'}) as LastLogon

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